TSH Helps you Test your Thyroid Gland
Let me guess:
You just got back from a visit to your doctor after being told that your thyroid is completely “normal”.
But now you are trying to square how you can feel so poorly and have all of the symptoms of low thyroid but still have a “normal” thyroid?
Did I get close?
If so, you aren’t alone!
Patients, in general, have had similar struggles over the past several decades when trying to evaluate their TSH levels.
The short answer is that the TSH test is not as perfect as your doctor might lead you to believe.
And that’s exactly what we are going to discuss in this article.
Today you will learn:
- What a normal TSH level is.
- Why the TSH levels that your doctor is using to say you are “normal” is incorrect
- What the TSH level is actually testing for in your body
- What sort of levels you should actually “aim” for
- And what your TSH level means if you have hypothyroidism or low thyroid function
Let’s jump in…
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What is a “Normal” TSH Level for Healthy Adults?
Before we talk about what a “normal” TSH level is, let me briefly define what the TSH test is.
The TSH test stands for thyroid stimulating hormone which is a hormone produced in your brain by the pituitary gland.
This hormone, TSH, plays an important role in regulating your thyroid hormone.
TSH is produced by your pituitary gland which then acts directly on your thyroid gland.
It tells your thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormone.
So if your TSH level is high, it generally means that your thyroid gland is NOT responding to the signals from your brain which means your thyroid is LOW.
If your TSH level is LOW, it generally means that your thyroid gland is producing TOO much thyroid hormone and your brain tries to adapt by REDUCING TSH levels.
Most people who assess their TSH are doing so because they believe they have LOW thyroid function.
So in these people, we are looking to see if their TSH level is high.
If you are someone who is experiencing symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, cold intolerance, constipation, etc. then you would be looking to see if your TSH level is HIGH as this indicates you have low thyroid function.
It can get a little confusing due to the fact that the TSH and thyroid function tend to be opposite to one another but that’s how it works.
And most people, probably you as well, get their thyroid tested to try and explain, or at least rule out, their thyroid as the cause of their symptoms.
But this is where we run into problems…
There is actually a lot of debate about what a healthy and normal TSH level actually is.
So you could go to 10 different doctors and get completely different answers depending on how educated that doctor is.
This obviously can be confusing to patients because all they want to do is feel better.
But nothing stands in the way more of them feeling better than a doctor who is not up to date with their medical knowledge.
Healthy TSH levels VS “Standard” Lab TSH Levels
So, back to the original question:
What is a healthy TSH level?
Well, newer studies (1) that have come out show that a healthy TSH level is most likely less than 2.5 uIU/mL.
But this causes another issue…
The healthy levels I am recommending here are NOT reflected on the TSH lab reference ranges that you get on your lab report.
The “reference” range that you get on your lab report is a range of values that is pre-determined by the lab that is testing your blood.
And if your doctor isn’t very educated they may use THIS range to determine whether you are “normal” or not.
This is the last thing that you want them to do because this range differs dramatically from the healthy range that I just listed above.
The standard reference range that most lab companies produce will give you a range of values that is probably close to something like this:
You can see from the image above that the lab reference provided is under the name “REF. RANGE” and is a range of values from 0.350 – 5.500 uIU/mL.
Do you see the problem here?
The range provided is much BROADER than the healthy range that the newer medical studies I referenced above recommend.
These studies suggest that a “healthy” TSH range is probably between 0.350 – 2.500 uIU/mL.
If you are someone who has a TSH level of let’s say 3.5 then you fall within the technically “normal” range but out of the new “healthy” range.
If you fall into this range then it’s very unlikely that you will get the treatment that you need.
Because of this, you MUST understand the concept of the “healthy TSH range” and the “lab TSH reference range”.
The healthy TSH range is anything between 0.35 and 2.5 <— You WANT your TSH to be in this range.
The lab TSH reference range is much broader and ranges from 0.35 to 5.5 <– This MAY be a problem for you because of how broad the range is.
So what lab range should you actually use?
That brings me to my next point…
Use the Pregnancy TSH Levels as a Marker for What’s Healthy
This may sound a little strange but once I explain what I mean it will make a lot more sense.
Instead of using the standard reference ranges provided by your doctor, I would recommend using the pregnancy TSH reference ranges.
These ranges have been specifically created for women who are pregnant.
And I don’t care if you are a man, or a 70-year-old woman, these ranges are exactly what you want to use.
Why?
Let me explain:
Pregnancy TSH levels were created because of just how important thyroid function is to the developing fetus (2).
If a developing baby is not able to get enough thyroid hormone then they have a very high risk of developmental problems including the risk of having a low IQ.
And doctors know this.
So they created much STRICTER guidelines for pregnant women when it comes to TSH (3).
They want to make sure that ALL pregnant women have ENOUGH thyroid hormone in their bodies to support their developing child.
But you can also take advantage of these reference ranges in your own body.
If the TSH levels provided to pregnant women are safe for women AND for a developing child then they are ALSO safe for you.
If you are in the medical field then you what I mean.
A doctor will NEVER recommend anything that has the smallest chance of causing problems in a pregnant woman.
Doctors even recommend staying away from MOST over-the-counter medications for this very reason.
Again, if this is recommended for a pregnant woman then you can safely assume that the levels provided are not only safe but they are INCREDIBLY safe for the reasons listed above.
So what are these TSH ranges?
They are split into trimesters and you can find the new ranges below:
- First trimester: 0.1 to 2.5 mU/L
- Second trimester: 0.2 to 3.0 mU/L
- Third trimester: 0.2 to 3.0 mU/L
Notice the difference in these ranges compared to the standard reference ranges provided on your lab tests.
The TSH levels provided above are much more narrow and more closely represent the healthy TSH level that newer studies show we should aim for.
They also allow for slightly lower levels of TSH compared to the lab reference ranges.
The low end of the reference range provided by the lab is 0.35 whereas the low end of the reference range for pregnant women is 0.1 to 0.2.
This gives you a little more leeway both on the top end and on the bottom end of the reference range.
I would recommend that regardless of your age and gender that you use the reference ranges for pregnant women.
This will provide you with a HEALTHIER range for your TSH.
Interpreting your TSH based on the Reference Range
To recap, instead of looking at the standard reference range provided on your lab tests you will want to look at a “healthy” TSH range.
The best way to create this healthy TSH reference range is to use the same ranges that doctors use for pregnant women.
The standard reference range is usually between 0.35 and 5.5.
The healthier range to compare your results to is 0.2 and 2.5.
If your TSH level is LESS than 0.2 then that would indicate that your TSH is abnormal and that you have too much thyroid in your body (a condition known as hyperthyroidism).
If your TSH is HIGHER than 2.5 then that would indicate that your TSH is abnormal and that you have too LITTLE thyroid hormone in your body (a condition known as hypothyroidism).
Again, it’s important for you to understand that your doctor will most likely NOT be aware of these newer healthier ranges that I’ve listed above.
If they are not aware of them, you can educate them by explaining what I’ve explained here which may help get them more up to date with the latest medical research.
You would probably like to think that your doctor is up to date but that just isn’t usually the case.
If you have Hypothyroidism, you can throw out these Healthy Levels
For this entire article, we’ve been talking about a healthy TSH in the setting of NOT using thyroid medication.
The healthy ranges that I’ve provided above are useful for people who have NO KNOWN diagnosis of thyroid disease.
If you are wondering if your thyroid is normal then you’d want to use those ranges.
But what about people who have KNOWN thyroid disease such as hypothyroidism or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
These people need a different set of guidelines due to how thyroid medication impacts TSH.
But if you are someone who falls into this category (meaning you take a thyroid medication such as levothyroxine or Synthroid) then you can still benefit from the tighter guidelines that I’ve mentioned above.
People taking thyroid medication, though, often need even tighter TSH guidelines.
TSH levels between 0.2 and 1.0 tend to be associated with better symptom control, less weight gain, improved hair growth, and better management of low thyroid symptoms in general.
There is much more to managing your TSH if you are taking thyroid medication than just this range, however, and that’s something that I will cover in another blog post.
Final Thoughts
The TSH is just ONE way to measure how well your thyroid is functioning.
Unfortunately, it’s not the best way to measure thyroid function and there are some nuances required if you want to accurately assess thyroid function in your body.
In order to ensure that your TSH is in the healthy range, I recommend using the same TSH levels that doctors recommend for pregnant women.
These levels are SAFE to use and more closely approximate what a healthy TSH would look like in a regular healthy adult.
Using these tighter reference ranges may help explain why you are feeling the way that you feel and may help diagnose MORE people with thyroid conditions who would otherwise be missed by their doctor.
Now I want to hear from you:
What is your TSH level right now?
What reference range is your doctor currently using to see if your TSH is healthy?
How does your TSH compare to the levels found in pregnant women that I’ve outlined above?
Do you feel like you are getting the treatment you need to feel better?
Leave your questions or comments below!
TSH is 1.66
Taking T3 SR 20 MCG CAP daily.
Should I continue taking that ?
TSH: <0.01 (can not be measured)
When Nature-Thriod became hard to get switched to Levothyroine and Liothyronine. Experienced severe hair loss, cold intolerance, sleeping 16-18 hours/day, zero appetite, weight gain – every hypothyroid symptom. That is when TSH dropped to <0.01. Natural Path now has me on NP, but all labs staying the same after 6 months even with small adjustments.
NOTE: 1975 softball size goiter & left lobe remove. 1979 radioactive uptake to destroy right lobe and its mass. On Synthroid until mid-2018 when switched to several dessicated thyroid meds and supplements. At 69 yrs old I am barely able to function. (Pituary function, etc checked and PCP & NP are working togther.)
Any ideas?
My TSH is 0.428, I continue to gain weight even tho eat very little. Morning temperature is 95., and I freeze. Doctor lowered Armour 120 to 90 six days a week. Do not feel well
Hi Diane,
It’s possible to have a low TSH but still be hypothyroid, especially if levothyroxine is driving it down.
what if a male age 23 in college has a tsh of 5-7 but free t3 and free t4 on top of normal range…what does that mean? one dr says you are fine yet a nurse somewhere else says take meds????? yet i dont want to take anything…i do eat alot of japanese foods w soy sauce once or twice weekly but eat a normal diet otherwise yet dont eat alot of veggies nor get alot of sunlight
Hi Jake,
In my opinion, a TSH that high should be managed either with thyroid medication or with aggressive natural therapies.
My tsh is 0.1 .I’m taking both levo and lio.. now I’m confused..
Hi Gloria,
A non suppressed but low TSH may be okay in many situations.
My TSH has dropped from .683 to .507 in a years time. Should I be concerned about this downward trend?
Hi Charles,
Not necessarily. Only if that drop is accompanied by unwanted symptoms.
TSH was 3, and I started Levothyroxine two months ago. I was very opposed but my doctor insisted as I’m trying to get pregnant. He said he wants it below 2.
I hate to admit that I feel much better since I started taking Levothyroxine. No more joint pain, fatigue, feeling cold, hair loss…
Hi Bianca,
Glad you are feeling better! Your doctor is also correct about pregnancy and TSH levels. It’s VERY hard to get pregnant with even a slightly elevated TSH.
My TSH is 1.31. I have been taking Levo for the past 5 or 6 yrs. I have never felt any better on the meds than I did off the meds and keep wondering if they are doing anything. The drs don’t really listen and just keep using the standard ranges and telling me I’m fine.
Hi Ann,
Unfortunately, that is very common. The best option in that situation is to seek out a second opinion.
The TSH was 1.120 ulU/mL in October when alternating ( made in Germany ) 50 mcg. and 75 mcg. This was PERFECT for me…!!!
BUT…
After switching to 2.5 mcg. of ONLY in December because my Insurance does not cover , my TSH went through the ROOF, reaching 30 ulU/mL in February. I knew that this would NOT end well for me, but I trusted my PCP, who told me I COULD do with just the T3 medication… even though I do not have a Thyroid… !!! How would you call this? I felt horrible in addition to all my other symptoms of HypoThyroidism and everything else possibly being exposed to mold in our house… I felt like I am losing my mind… honestly!!! I was waking up every morning with pain in the back of my skull, which was turning into Headaches and Pressure inside of my head that lasted all day long, and I was DIZZY all day long… !!! He was blaming it on the mold… until we got my blood test back… I don’t know if I would ever forgive him for that…!
I don’t know what the current situation is. I am due for another test.
I am looking at my blood tests results from (Quest Diagnostics) from October and February. It is interesting that in October, they did not reflect any additional notes on their tests but in February, they do have an additional note that gives the Pregnancy Reference Ranges in (mlU/L) instead of (ulU/mL) that corresponds to the TSH test done before February 1 of 2021.
Do you have any evidence – ie a research paper – to support this statement: “TSH levels between 0.2 and 1.0 tend to be associated with better symptom control, less weight gain, improved hair growth, and better management of low thyroid symptoms in general”? My GP refuses to accept anything that I’ve read on the internet unless I can show him some evidence to support it.
Hi Barbara,
The evidence should be linked below in the reference section! You can see all of the articles that I reference in each blog post there.
What is your TSH level right now? 1.28
What reference range is used? .40-4.5
How does your TSH compare to the levels found in pregnant women that I’ve outlined above? It appears that I am in the range. I do not know what my TSH was when I was pregnant but I FELT THE BEST I HAD EVER FELT IN MY LIFE! I took my usual dosage of thyroid while pregnant, It was sort of difficult getting pregnant, I had given up on the idea of it happening, plus marriage was falling apart. It was an unexpected pregnancy. I do not believe feeling great had anything to do with my state of mind, it was something to do with my body responding. After birth it all went away.
Do you feel like you are getting the treatment you need to feel better? No, in my opinion dr is afraid to trust me, he is afraid to step out of his box. I requested free T3 and free T4 labs and can see from results that my body is not responding to current dosage. ( Free T3 = 2.5 and Free T4 = .9).
Sadly, I have had to rely on myself and my own resources. I purchase overseas thyroid medication when possible to supplement the thyroid prescription my dr writes, take OTC supplements to enhance. I read google patents, your blog, others blogs, research doc and experiment on myself. I don’t tell my dr these things. I feel best when my TSH is < .01. It usually is not there. Only time it has tested there is when I stop taking meds and then restart couple months later. I don't know why.
HI DR CHILDS, SO NICE TO MEET YOU!!!
COULD YOU PLEASE ADDRESS TSH LEVELS FOR THOSE OF US WHO HAVE HAD RAI TREATMENT. MINE HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY LOW BUT NORMAL T3 & T4. HAD RAI IN 1993 & BEEN ON THE SAME DOSE OF LEVOXYL SINCE 2009. I FEEL GOOD=NO HI OR LOW SYMPTOMS. NEW DOC IN TOWN LOWERED MY DOSAGE. BELIEVES I’M TOO HI CUZ OF THE LOW TSH..NOW I’M EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS OF BEING UNDERACTIVE.
Hi Dr.
I have a TSH level of 20.5. It’s very high. My T3 and T4 are at the perfect level. I do see a natural Doctor to help me but even she is stumped. I’m on Synthroid along with compounded T3 and a compounded .88 Synthroid. I just started a natural cytozyme Pt/HPT supplement to help my pituitary. My symptoms are hair loss and difficulty sleeping and some weight gain. I also had COVID back in January. I wonder if that has anything to do with elevated TSH LEVELS. PLEASE HELP!!
Thank you-
On Levothyroxine(0.05mg)
I can’t seem to lose weight. Last week I had blood tests and
TSH 1.160 (0.358-3.740)
T3 Free 2.38 (2.18-3.98)
T4 Free 1.10 (0.76-1.46)
SHBG 26.5 (11.7-137.2)
Dr said everything is normal/ok
I had radioactive iodine in March 2018 for hyperthyroidism and haven’t felt good since, had labs done today my tsh is 1.41, my free t4 is 1.35, no mention of t3 I do take your t3 conversion, I had 16 symptoms of hypothyroidism from your chart I feel crappy everyday really don’t want to live like this the rest of my life don’t know what else to do
Hi Ronna,
Check out the therapies listed here: https://www.restartmed.com/natural-thyroid-remedies/
My TSH is .2 but I feel fine, no hyper symptoms at all. If anything, I still have hypo symptoms (I have Hashimoto’s) My doctor wants to lower my medication because my TSH being that low is too dangerous no matter how I feel. Is this something I should push back on or let them lower my medication? I do not want to make things worse, but I really do feel fine.
Hi Lindsey,
There is virtually no risk of lowering the TSH. The risk seems to only occur with prolonged TSH suppression.
Please publish something on TSH while taking levothyroxine/liothyronine. My wife’s is suppressed to the <0.1 or undetectable range, while her fT3 and fT4 are both at the low end of the normal range. I take Armour Thyroid, my fT3 and fT4 are normal and my TSH is <.005. It seems that TSH can be severely suppressed while the patient is quite normal while taking medication, in which case TSH is meaningless.
Hi
I have TSH of 2.16 and all others within range.
I have TPOAb of 78.6kIU/L, TgAB of 210 kU/L, and Ferritin of 295ug/L. I feel fine but worried I am on a trajectory towards hypothyroidism. Should I be doing anything I can do to reduce these?
Hi Ann,
Yes, you definitely want to decrease your antibody levels if at all possible. I have lots of articles on the topic: https://www.restartmed.com/tpo-antibodies/
Do you change your pregnant patients from NDT meds to levothyroxine? I noticed the medscape article that listed the new recommendations for TSH in pregnant women said not to leave them on t3 or NDT..
Hi Ashley,
I never did, there’s no reason to change what’s working.
My tsh is .026 and my t4 13.8 I am currently on 5mg carbimazole. My tsh is consistently suppressed but I feel fine. I a m79 yrs f age and have been on this dose of carbimazole for 3 years. What do you think.
I’m a 65 year old woman, recently had my TSH tested but have not yet met with dr. to go over results. I’ve never taken any type of thyroid meds. My TSH is 3.120, and it says my reference range is 0.358-3.740. I’m always tired, have bad hair and eyebrow loss, I can’t handle cold, constipated, ringing ears, no desire to do anything at all, joint pain, depression and anxiety, muscle weakness, severe insomnia, dehydration and dry skin, dizziness… I could go on and on.
I have had suppressed TSH for years but all other results fall into normal category. I had RAI. Does TSH matter for us thyroidless folks?
Hi Lindsey,
Yes, it still matters. Please see this article for more info: https://www.restartmed.com/low-tsh-vs-suppressed-tsh-on-thyroid-medication/
My TSH is .008 for the past 3 monthsI had TT Angioinvasive poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma in March 2021. I’m on .175 levothyroxine.
I’m tired all the time but up several times during the night with dreams night sweat, loosing hair, nails brittle, forgetful nauseous and vomiting no energy I feel pain through my body when I’m doing things standing for longer periods of time. What do do think I’d the .008 ?
Hi Gianna,
I’m not really sure I understand your question the way it is phrased but it’s generally not a bad thing to suppress a TSH after thyroid cancer. This is done to prevent cancer recurrence. I will say, though, that you may feel poorly because you aren’t on the right type of thyroid medication. Please see this post: https://www.restartmed.com/levothyroxine-thyroidectomy-patients/
Recently diagnosed with hypothyroid my tsh level is now 3.9 after taking synthroid levothyroxine for a few months does this mean I need to take a higher dose or less to bring my range down to 1.0?
Hi Kyle,
Most people feel much better with a TSH closer to the 1.0 range.
My THS is 4.050
T4 is 1.25
Thyroglobulin antibody is <1.0
TPO antibodies is 11
Hi Melanie,
That would put you outside of the recommended TSH level by most metrics!
My Tsh is 3.8 and I am currently not taking thyroid medication. My doctor took me off because my thyroid test showed my other levels to be low normal but within the normal range. I tried really hard to get her to prescribe me thyroid medication because my TSH was really high and the other levels were low but she said no because then she could give me too much. I don’t know what to do to convince her that she needs to put me back on thyroid medication. I have all the symptoms of hypothyroid
Hi Mary,
Thyroid patients have found (almost universally) that it’s typically not worth the time or energy to try and convince a doctor to do something they aren’t willing to do and instead focus on finding a new thyroid-literate doctor. I’ve created this resource for this exact situation that you can check out here: https://www.restartmed.com/how-to-find-a-doctor-to-treat-your-thyroid/
Dear Dr. Childs
Approximately 20 years ago I was diagnosed with Wilson’s syndrome. I am currently taking 3 mcg. SR Liothyronine I have been “dragging” a lot lately and today my TSH was 1.74 uIU/mL and my ferritin was 101 ng/mL Could these levels explain my lethargy? Thank you for your help. God bless you! Janice B.
Hi Janice,
Probably not by themselves. You would need to get a full thyroid lab panel and probably other important hormones like cortisol to figure out the main issue: https://www.restartmed.com/normal-thyroid-levels/
Hi Dr Childs
I’m a 70 year old lady who has been taking synthroid for a number of years recently my doctor put me on 50 mcg because my level was at 5.13 so I decided to go the natural way taking a Thyroid Balance from a registered natural path. I took these for a month then went had test done and my doctor freaks out because my level was at 34.70 . I felt no different had no symptoms different than on the prescription meds.
He has released me as his patient because I went the natural way. What are your thoughts? Also with the number from 5.13 to 34.70 which is about seven times higher would I not be experiencing symptoms that requires a doctor or hospital visit?
Hi Victoria,
Without any symptoms, there’s a fairly high chance that your elevated TSH was just a lab error or something similar. You can recheck it to confirm that it’s real but, if you do, make sure to follow the guidelines listed here: https://www.restartmed.com/thyroid-testing/
TSH levels were 99.6 a month ago and are done to 34 with medication. Doctor said I was in coma territory before but I am unable to find any resources on levels that high and what could’ve caused it?
My T4 went from .34 to .91.
I am a 26 year old female.
Do you have any resources I could use to find more information on these levels.
I am being moved from a lower dose to a higher dose of synthroid but other than that I am out of the loop.
Hi Jessica,
You can learn more about the causes of hypothyroidism (and high TSH) here: https://www.restartmed.com/high-tsh/
Hello Dr.Childs. Total frustration here. Have the following symptoms: Heart palpitations, no energy, anxiety, bad sleep, higher pulse rate – maybe 80 when resting, fatigue. I went through all check-ups. Heart, brain, lung, all internal, blood. Nothing. All good. Did research by myself.
Ended up at the thyroid gland. Test showed TSH 0.38 (decreased from 1.5 about 5 years ago) with T3 and T4 being normal.
All my symtoms somehow point to Hyperthyroidism but I would be still considered in normal range for TSH. Don’t know if I should and how to continue my fishing for clues expedition. I live in a developing country in Asia and doctors here just want to know what they learned already. It’s very frustrating. Any pointer would be appreciated. Thank you.
I take 50 mcg of Synthroid daily and my latest Lab results show my thyroid level is 9.45. What does that mean?
Hi Catherine,
If you are referring to your TSH level, it indicates your thyroid medication is not being dosed appropriately.
My last TSH level, following my first dose of testosterone (which was abnormally low) was approximately .04. I had recently upped my NP Thyroid and finally gotten my thyroid hormones over the line and into a normal range. Low end of normal, but normal nevertheless. I’m seriously wondering if I have a pituitary gland issue, as both my TSH and my thyroid hormone levels have been low for years. Finally, I found a functional med doc who would listen to me when I said I didn’t feel right, but we are still struggling. Now, I’ve had to back off the NP Thyroid to a lower dose to get the TSH level back up. But, within a week or so, I have noticed my energy and mood tanking again. Sigh. It’s a frustrating.
I’ve read that testosterone can help boost TSH. Is this accurate? Next time, I’ll receive a slightly higher dose of testosterone, as it was also still low even after 6 weeks with the pellet. My fingers are crossed.
Hi Jackie,
In normal doses, testosterone may have an impact on TSH, but the relationship is more powerful in the reverse (thyroid dysfunction greatly impacts testosterone regulation). In higher doses, testosterone has a suppressive effect on T4. I wouldn’t count on testosterone to regulate thyroid function, but if it happens to have some effect, that may just be a pleasant secondary side effect of taking it.
Had a complete thyroidectomy May of ‘23 due to nodules highly suspicious of cancer. Pathology report no cancer papillary carcinoma or other neoplasm. Have Lymphocytic Thyroiditis. Taking 100mcg of levothyroxine. Last blood results showed T4Free 1.39ng/dL, T3Free 2.90pg/ml, TSH O.37uIU/ml, thyroglobulin Ab <0.9 , and TPO of 18.6IU/ml. My doctor said everything is normal but I’m extremely tired. Have brain fog, cold and losing hair. What is my problem.